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- Vol 6 PE: App E
- Vol 6 RE: Chapters 1, 2, 7, App A, App B, App D, App E
organizational learningespoused theoriestheories-in-usesingle-loop learningdouble-loop learningdeutero-learningdefensive routinesBook Evidence summaryAt a glance
Argyris and Schön develop a theory of how organisations detect and correct error. They distinguish espoused theories—the explanations people give for their actions—from theories-in-use, the assumptions and rules that actually govern behaviour.
Key ideas
In single-loop learning, an organisation changes actions while preserving existing goals, values, and governing variables. Double-loop learning questions and may revise those underlying arrangements. The authors also consider “deutero-learning,” or learning how an organisation learns, and show how defensive routines, undiscussable issues, and mismatches between words and actions inhibit inquiry. Organisational learning is therefore not simply the sum of individual learning; it depends on shared maps, norms, records, and practices that retain and shape knowledge.
Why it matters
For educational organisations, the framework supports examining policies and assumptions behind recurring problems instead of repeatedly adjusting surface-level procedures.
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Edition abbreviations
- TE
- Teacher Edition
- PE
- Practice Edition
- RE
- Research Edition
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