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2 references
Alexander presents educational psychology through problems that matter directly to teaching rather than as a catalogue of separate psychological theories.
The book compares cognitive, developmental, motivational, social, and sociocultural perspectives and applies them to knowledge acquisition, transfer, strategic processing, assessment, and classroom learning. A recurring concern is how learners' prior knowledge, beliefs, goals, interests, and strategies interact with instructional conditions. The text helps readers see that no single theory explains every educational situation and that sound instruction requires selecting concepts that fit the learner, content, and task. For educators, its practical value lies in connecting psychological research to decisions about explanation, practice, motivation, evaluation, and support for increasingly independent learning.
It is an integrative textbook rather than a report of one study.
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This National Research Council synthesis connects findings about cognition, development, neuroscience, and classroom learning. It describes expertise as organised, conceptually connected knowledge that supports recognition and transfer, not simply a larger store of facts.
Learners enter instruction with prior knowledge and beliefs that shape new understanding; teaching must therefore elicit and work with existing conceptions. Metacognitive approaches help students plan, monitor, and revise their learning. The book characterises effective environments as learner-centred, knowledge-centred, assessment-centred, and community-centred, with these dimensions designed coherently. It also examines children’s learning, brain development, teacher learning, and educational technology.
For educators, the synthesis supports building deep disciplinary structures, making thinking visible through formative assessment, cultivating metacognition, and designing supportive communities in which knowledge can be applied beyond the original lesson.
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