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1 reference
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- Vol 4 TE: App C
need to belonginterpersonal bondssocial inclusionsocial exclusionteacher–student relationshipspeer relationshipsclassroom belongingpsychological well-beingJournal article Evidence summaryAt a glance
Baumeister and Leary evaluate the hypothesis that humans possess a fundamental motivation to form and maintain lasting interpersonal bonds. Belonging requires both frequent, largely positive interaction and a stable framework of mutual concern; either element alone is insufficient.
Key ideas
Reviewing diverse evidence, the authors show that people form attachments readily, resist their dissolution, and can substitute new bonds when old ones are lost. Inclusion and exclusion affect emotion, cognition, behaviour, health, adjustment, and well-being. The motive also shows satiation and influences action even when relationships are not immediately instrumental. For educators, the review explains why reliable teacher–student and peer relationships can support engagement and persistence, while rejection or unstable membership consumes attention and carries emotional costs.
Why it matters
Classroom belonging is therefore a learning condition, not merely an optional social benefit.
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Edition abbreviations
- TE
- Teacher Edition
- PE
- Practice Edition
- RE
- Research Edition
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