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Boekaerts integrates three traditions that shaped research on self-regulated learning: learning styles and cognitive processing, metacognition and regulation of learning, and theories of goals, motivation, and the self.
Her three-layer model distinguishes regulation of processing modes at the inner layer, regulation of the learning process at the middle layer, and regulation of the self at the outer layer. Learners select cognitive strategies, plan and monitor activity, and decide whether a task serves valued goals or threatens well-being. These layers interact, so knowing a strategy does not guarantee its use when motivation, emotion, or competing goals redirect effort.
For educators, the model supports teaching strategies and metacognitive control while also attending to appraisal, confidence, interest, and classroom conditions that influence whether students enter a growth-oriented learning pathway or protect the self by withdrawing.
A transparent research trail
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From sources to a coherent pathway