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1 reference
Luckin and Cukurova argue that artificial intelligence for education should be designed from evidence about human learning, not simply adapted from technically successful applications in other fields. Three case studies illustrate how rich and multimodal learner data can support scaffolding, collaborative problem solving, and teacher decision-making when analysis is guided by learning-science constructs.
The authors caution that data are not self-explanatory: useful models depend on valid interpretations of cognition, emotion, interaction, and context. They propose a co-design ecosystem linking educators, AI developers, and researchers. Educators need enough AI understanding to evaluate systems and articulate classroom needs; developers need stronger knowledge of pedagogy and learning; researchers help establish evidence, measurement, and ethical safeguards. The framework keeps educational values and stakeholder expertise central throughout development and evaluation.
Rather than replacing teachers, well-designed AI should augment human judgment, make otherwise difficult learning processes visible, and enable timely support. The paper ultimately calls for interdisciplinary partnerships that assess educational benefit alongside technical performance.
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