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- Vol 3 RE: Chapters 5, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, App D
mathematics achievementeducational equitysocioeconomic disparitieslearning lossstudent proficiencysystem resilienceReport Evidence summaryAt a glance
PISA 2022 reports the mathematics, reading, and science performance of 15-year-olds across participating countries and economies, with mathematics as the principal domain. Conducted after major pandemic disruption, the assessment recorded an unprecedented average decline between 2018 and 2022: mathematics fell sharply and reading also decreased, while science was broadly stable across OECD countries.
Key ideas
The report cautions that the pandemic alone cannot explain every pattern because trajectories and responses varied across systems. It examines proficiency levels, long-term trends, within-country variation, and equity by socioeconomic status, gender, immigrant background, and school composition. Socioeconomic advantage remains strongly associated with performance, yet some systems combine comparatively high achievement with greater fairness, showing that outcomes and equity are not inherently opposed. Low-performing students often experienced larger losses, widening gaps in several contexts.
Why it matters
The report supports diagnosis rather than simple rankings: sampling uncertainty, coverage, cultural context, and differences in system organization matter. Its central policy message is to restore learning while targeting support, monitoring inclusion, and studying resilient systems that protected both performance and equitable opportunity.
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Edition abbreviations
- TE
- Teacher Edition
- PE
- Practice Edition
- RE
- Research Edition
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