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1 reference
Using new data from the 2023 Survey of Adult Skills, this report compares participation in formal, non-formal, and informal job-related learning across OECD countries. Around two in five adults participate in formal or non-formal learning, but rates differ greatly among countries and participation has stagnated or declined in many systems.
Apparent narrowing of gaps sometimes reflects falling engagement among previously advantaged groups rather than improved access for underserved adults. Older adults, people with lower education or skills, lower earners, migrants in some contexts, and workers without employer support face persistent barriers involving cost, time, information, scheduling, and relevance. Much workplace training is short and driven by compliance or safety, which may be insufficient for substantial reskilling. The report distinguishes accredited study, organized short learning, and intentional learning through work and colleagues, showing how each contributes differently.
It recommends flexible and stackable provision, guidance, financial and employer support, recognition, quality assurance, and targeted outreach so adult-learning systems build transferable capabilities rather than merely record participation.
A transparent research trail
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References are checked against publisher records, scholarly indexes, DOI or ISBN metadata, repositories and author records where available. An entry marked [Citation not verified] preserves the wording found in the relevant volume without attributing findings to an unconfirmed work.
From sources to a coherent pathway