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- Vol 1 RE: Chapter 9, App B
dual coding theoryverbal representationsnonverbal representationsconcreteness effectsimagery effectsassociative memoryrecall and recognitionpropositional representationsJournal article Evidence summaryAt a glance
Paivio reviews roughly three decades of research that led from experiments on imagery and verbal processes to dual coding theory as an account of memory and cognition.
Key ideas
The theory proposes distinct but interconnected verbal and nonverbal representational systems, helping explain why concrete words and images often enjoy mnemonic advantages. The review traces the conceptual-peg origins of the theory, surveys evidence on concreteness, imagery, associative memory, recall, and recognition, and addresses both broad and specific criticisms. Particular attention is given to competing accounts that treat abstract propositional representations as the fundamental basis of cognition. Paivio evaluates empirical and conceptual responses to those alternatives and discusses related issues such as schema theory and standards for comparing psychological theories.
Why it matters
The article is therefore both a historical synthesis and a defense and refinement of dual coding theory’s explanatory scope.
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Edition abbreviations
- TE
- Teacher Edition
- PE
- Practice Edition
- RE
- Research Edition
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