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The evidence behind the series
Browse the scientific research and professional literature used across all seven volumes of The Science of Learning for Educators.
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1 reference
Panadero, Brown, and Strijbos review what research has established—and still needs to establish—about student self-assessment.
They distinguish five areas of uncertainty: competing typologies of self-assessment, the accuracy of students’ judgements, the role of task expertise, relations between student and teacher or curricular expectations, and differential effects for different learners. The review shows that the term self-assessment covers several practices, even though studies often treat it as a single uniform construct. It examines factors affecting realism or agreement with external judgements and argues that sufficient knowledge of the task may be necessary for accurate evaluation. The authors also question whether accuracy should always be the sole goal and consider how lower-performing students can be supported.
Their agenda calls for clearer definitions, stronger designs, and analysis of whom particular self-assessment practices help and under what conditions.
A transparent research trail
Each entry identifies the volume, edition, chapter or appendix in which the work appears.
Evidence summaries explain the central idea and why the source matters to educators.
Entries link to lawful full text where available, or to a publisher, library or purchase page.
References are checked against publisher records, scholarly indexes, DOI or ISBN metadata, repositories and author records where available. An entry marked [Citation not verified] preserves the wording found in the relevant volume without attributing findings to an unconfirmed work.
From sources to a coherent pathway