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1 reference
Reeve uses self-determination theory’s dialectical framework to explain how classroom conditions can support or frustrate students’ inner motivational resources. Autonomy-supportive teachers try to understand students’ perspectives, nurture interests and psychological needs, provide meaningful rationales, use informational rather than pressuring language, acknowledge negative feelings, allow time for self-directed work, and respond to student initiative.
A controlling style instead relies more heavily on directives, external incentives, deadlines, and teacher-centred solutions. Autonomy support does not mean removing structure: students are most engaged when teachers combine choice and voice with clear goals, guidance, feedback, and dependable expectations. The review argues that teachers can learn a more supportive motivating style and that it contributes to engagement, internalisation, well-being, and a stronger teacher–student relationship. For educators, the practical shift is often interpersonal rather than curricular: listen before directing, explain why a constraint matters, offer agency within boundaries, invite students’ thinking, and give hints that preserve ownership.
The article synthesises theory and prior evidence rather than testing a single classroom programme.
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