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- Vol 1 RE: Chapter 5, App B
declarative memorynondeclarative memoryhippocampal memoryprocedural learningemotional learningmemory systemsJournal article Evidence summaryAt a glance
Squire traces the shift from treating memory as a single faculty to understanding it as a collection of biologically distinct systems.
Key ideas
Evidence from the amnesic patient H.M., other neurological cases, healthy participants, and experimental animals established a major distinction between declarative memory, which supports conscious recollection of facts and events, and nondeclarative forms expressed through performance. Declarative memory depends on the hippocampus and related medial temporal structures and is gradually consolidated with neocortical participation. Nondeclarative memory includes skills and habits associated with the striatum, emotional learning involving the amygdala, skeletal conditioning involving the cerebellum, and priming in neocortical systems. These systems can operate in parallel and sometimes compete or cooperate during learning.
Why it matters
The review’s educational relevance is cautionary: successful performance, conscious explanation, habit formation, and emotional associations are not interchangeable outcomes, because they depend on different learning histories and neural organizations.
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Edition abbreviations
- TE
- Teacher Edition
- PE
- Practice Edition
- RE
- Research Edition
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