Where it is used
Each entry identifies the volume, edition, chapter or appendix in which the work appears.
The evidence behind the series
Follow the research.
Explore every source.
Browse the scientific research and professional literature used across all seven volumes of The Science of Learning for Educators.
7book volumes
8author ranges
1searchable library
Search the collection
Find a paper, author or idea.
Choose an author range, search a title or concept, or narrow the collection by source type. Open any result to see where it appears in the books, read its evidence summary and follow available source links.
1 reference
-
- Vol 6 RE: Chapter 7
reflective practiceknowing-in-actionreflection-in-actionreflection-on-actionprofessional judgmenttacit knowledgeproblem framingpractice-based learningBook Evidence summaryAt a glance
Schön challenges the “technical rationality” model in which professionals merely apply general scientific knowledge to well-defined problems. In architecture, psychotherapy, engineering, planning, and management, important situations are uncertain, unstable, unique, and marked by value conflict; deciding what the problem is becomes part of solving it.
Key ideas
Competent practitioners rely on knowing-in-action—tacit recognition and skill embedded in performance. When an unexpected result disrupts routine, they may reflect-in-action: notice the surprise, surface an implicit understanding, frame the situation anew, try an intervention, and learn from the situation’s response. Schön describes this as a reflective conversation with materials and circumstances rather than detached analysis. Reflection-on-action later reconstructs what occurred and can improve future practice.
Why it matters
The book does not reject research or technique, but argues they cannot determine action without professional judgement. Education for practice should therefore include coached inquiry into authentic, ambiguous situations where learners can experiment, receive feedback, and examine their frames.
View or buy the cited work >>Read a similar article free online >>
A transparent research trail
More than a bibliography.
What it contributes
Evidence summaries explain the central idea and why the source matters to educators.
How to access it
Entries link to lawful full text where available, or to a publisher, library or purchase page.
Edition abbreviations
- TE
- Teacher Edition
- PE
- Practice Edition
- RE
- Research Edition
Citation checks
References are checked against publisher records, scholarly indexes, DOI or ISBN metadata, repositories and author records where available. An entry marked [Citation not verified] preserves the wording found in the relevant volume without attributing findings to an unconfirmed work.
From sources to a coherent pathway